Internationalization Company

First Coursework: Analyze a genuine organization of your decision (This organization can be from any industry, and be at any phase of internationalization) for another goal for internationalization. The organization decision is yours. Any nation, any industry, any size. You are relied upon to clarify through consolidating three distinct speculations of internationalization: financial, learning and system. The appropriate response should contend the inspiration, advantages, procedure and type of internationalization. In the event that you are proposing a beginning period of internationalization, at that point please clarify how this choice can be created for additional degrees of internationalization. This implies you will clarify the internationalization of the firm by breaking down through three distinct hypotheses of internationalization. This should bring about choosing a type of internationalization I. e. trading or FDI, a nation to internationalize. This type of internationalization can be additionally evolved through authorizing, diversifying or type of FDI. In this coursework, you are relied upon to actualize what you have realized in class to a genuine organization instead of clarify the hypothesis. You have to identify with the hypothesis to a level where your contentions are upheld by these speculations. Kindly don't clarify the speculations however clarify how they are identified with your coursework. It would be ideal if you recall that toward the finish of the coursework you have to give a suggestion. This proposal ought to have the new nation that they ought to internationalize to and the method of internationalization. The method of internationalization has a wide range beginning from trading to completely claimed internationalization. Kindly remember the suggestion area. The inspiration †is the reason the organization is internationalizing (if it's not too much trouble add this to your presentation) The procedure is the manner by which they internationalize, this is the utilization of hypotheses. The speculations utilized and how well they are utilized will clarify the procedure. The structure the method of internationalization; Please characterize what is the method of internationalization.

Are recovered memories from child abuse reliable Essay Example For Students

Are recouped recollections from kid misuse dependable Essay Jennifer Willis Paper 3 Are recouped recollections from kid misuse dependable Essay In the past there was a tremendous hazy area between the time and the substance of a supposed youth sexual maltreatment and the ensuing memory of that misuse. With the extreme concentration by mental network and the criminal equity framework to discover reality, the dark lines are getting progressively highly contrasting. With the dependence more on logical procedure and better strategies for accomplishing memory review there is less explanation behind twelve members of the jury to address whether misuse happened or not. Awful amnesia is a recorded, evident condition. The various investigations that have been seen made , some simultaneous with the sexual maltreatment, others originate from memory review of the manhandled are factually dependable and evidentiary of the realities. Sexual maltreatment makes injury that is difficult to copy in a lab setting on the grounds that the enthusiastic reactions that are experienced by the manhandled are unquestionably more unpredictable than anything that can be invigorated falsely. Our better comprehension of memory and how it functions is extremely new ideal models for separating awful ,memory review from bogus memory (embedded thoughts that are hence recalled.In the article by Ann Cossins (recouped recollections of youth sexual maltreatment certainty or dream?), Cossins constructs a fantastic establishment for the acknowledgment of memory review to approve the presence of misuse while dismissing the defenders of FMS, as possibly informal and basing their realities to be the emotional decisions of the charged. To stick to a conviction that reviewed memory of sexual maltreatment isn't dependable. We know observationally this isn't accurate. To come back to Willis 3 our inquiry of the unwavering quality of recouped memory from adolescence, I would need to infer that the recuperated memory is solid. The ongoing cases in our criminal equity framework managing the maltreatment by Catholic ministers of little youngsters have been effectively indicted in view of our conviction as a general public that in the event that it strolls like a duck , talks like a duck, the odds are, its a duck. Before, such maltreatment may never have become known due to our inclination to accept that a cleric was not able to do such conduct. The Michael Jackson case manages the subject of this conversation. In the last investigation the members of the jury will have generous logical proof on which to base their choice. The correct utilization of dynamic instruments that have been gotten from the different applicable investigations may later on sway our criminal equity framework in a similar way as DNA proof. .

road trip

road trip I really like driving. I wanted to go to college in a city with plenty of free parking (oh the naivete). One of the cons on my pro/con Should I go to MIT? list was I cant take my car with me. Freshman year I got kind of used to walking places and taking the T. Eventually I got lazy and started using Lyft more, for the convenience and also because I like riding in cars. Sophomore year I got a Zipcar membership (only $15 for a 1-year subscription, and cars typically hire for $12/hour or so on the weekends) because I needed to drive. Its a calming experience for me even when there are angry Boston drivers on the road. Where do I drive to? The short answer is food. I go to Star Market for groceries. I go to chain restaurants with parking lots. Sometimes after I get food I go to the Ocean State Job Lot, one of the best stores for $5 clothing, wiper blades, household goods, strawberry-kiwi flavored Ludens cough drops, irregular jelly beans, and all sorts of other things in no discernible order. Brief digression: Im from the part of America that has Walmart and multiple cars per family and Chick-fil-a and backyards and public transportation that most people never use. As a newish resident of the liberal bubble that is Cambridge, Massachusetts, I understand a lot of these Middle America comforts are impractical or bad for the environment or just unnecessary. Nevertheless, I miss the terrible Italian food at my local Olive Garden, not because its good, but because its what I grew up with. So sometimes I find myself doing little road trips like the one below. Highly recommend, even if the food isnt that great. Post Tagged #driving #food #long weekend

Education Is The Only Road Out Of Poverty - 891 Words

Growing up in an underdeveloped country like Guinea, where we lack everything, from books to technology, even qualify instructors is not an ideal situation to start a schooling life. You must have dedicated parents who stand by your side no matter what, push you through a complicated environment and guide you by their leadership to successfully graduate. I was lucky enough to have an educated Mom, devout Catholic, who only goes by the rules, as many parents did not go to school. Overwhelmingly the population was impecunious, looking daily for what to eat instead of being preoccupied with school. My family was a modest middle class, barely getting any extra money when needed. In fact, money wasn t the only problem; the books were scarce, and the ones on the market were outside scope. My mother as an educator had many books she kept for all her children to use as pleased. My father gave great importance to education, and his words were education is the only road out of poverty. It was his way of reminding us the sanctity of knowledge. Of course, my Mon was working as a teacher in a Catholic high school the only private school in town, but my dad was working twice harder just to keep us in school. To honor him we made a promise that every single child will graduate from high school which we all eventually did with honor roll, but unfortunately, he did not live long to see the accomplishment of his dream. Soon after my dad passing away with one income less we nowShow MoreRelatedThe Vision Of President Patil1476 Words   |  6 PagesIndia seems to be thriving on the surface, there are some deep seeded impediments to it maximizing its full potential and fully revolutionizing the lives of all its citizens. President Patil recognized the importance of making sure that growth not only occurred, but also that it benefitted the greatest amount of people in the process. 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The Strengths and Weaknesses Within My Medicine Wheel Essay

Introduction In Aboriginal teachings, the medicine wheel is sacred because it represents the various components of a healthy, well-rounded individual. Like wellness, the medicine wheel represents an â€Å"active state of health in which an individual progresses toward a higher level of functioning, thus achieving an optimum balance† (as cited in Fain Lewis, 2002, p. 7). The medicine wheel is divided into four major sections, each representing a major part of a person (physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual). In order to achieve balance in one’s life, one must analyze each of these components, and work to improve communications within one’s self. Intrapersonal communication is vital to the development of self-concept and self-esteem,†¦show more content†¦As for exercise, I would say that I am fairly active. My greatest weakness is my lack of motivation to be active when I am busy with school, work, and social aspects of my life. I also feel that my nutrition coul d be improved. I eat fairly healthy, but when I get busy with school I tend to eat whatever foods are quick and easy. With respect to intrapersonal communication, I find that my biggest setback in this category is comparing my physical appearance to others, which often creates a negative self-image. I have not yet progressed to the point in which I am pleased with my physical presence, but I would like to do so by eating a balanced diet and becoming more physically active. I value keeping physically fit and good nutrition because both help to maintain healthy muscles, bones, lungs, and heart. I feel that I am a very capable individual, and I would like to push myself to my physical limits. My negative intrapersonal communication affects my judgement of other people, which impacts my interpersonal communication. I feel that sometimes I judge other people based on how they look, and use these judgements to decide if I want to associate with them. 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Can Data Reduce Health Inequalities Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(74) " statistics of alteration in the wellness of the population of the state\." â€Å" Health Inequalities † is a burgeoning field of research that has given rise to many inquiries and arguments about definitions of constructs, analytical schemes, reading of findings, and explanatory theoretical accounts. [ 1 ] The World Health Organization defines Health inequalities as ‘the differences in wellness position or in the distribution of wellness determiners between different population groups ‘ . These determiners harmonizing to W. We will write a custom essay sample on Can Data Reduce Health Inequalities Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now H.O are â€Å" the conditions in which people are born, turn, populate, work and age, including the wellness system † . What is Data? Harmonizing to Webster ‘s lexicon â€Å" Data is factual information ( as measurings or statistics ) used as a footing for concluding, treatment, or computation. † Data is chiefly of two types i.e. Qualitative and Quantitative. Qualitative information is the type of informations that is non given numerically. Hence it ‘s based on people ‘s sentiment and picks. Quantitative informations on the other manus is purely based on numerical values and is subdivided into Discrete ( specific numerical values ) and a Continuous ( any numerical value ) information. Data A ; Health Inequalities: The usage of informations records for wellness of population is nil new ; the earliest survey of a entire population was done by Halley, who, by utilizing informations for the metropolis of Breslau, Germany, for 1687 to 1691, calculated the mean life anticipation at birth. [ 2 ] However it was Aaron Antonovsky, a medical sociologist, who foremost shed visible radiation on the inequality in mortality rates in 1967, which finally lead to the usage of informations to enter wellness inequalities Surveillance of inequalities now is done extensively to supervise alteration and to mensurate the indexs of wellness inequalities among the different strata of any part. With every passing twelvemonth the usage of informations to supervise and control wellness inequalities has become more and more of import. Harmonizing to the 2007 declaration of The Measurement and Evidence Knowledge Network ( MEKN ) of the WHO committee on societal determiners of wellness, â€Å" Action on the societal determiners of wellness to better overall wellness results and cut down wellness unfairnesss will be much more effectual if basic informations systems are in topographic point, nationally and internationally, and there are mechanisms to guarantee that the informations can be understood and applied to develop more effectual intercessions. † [ 3 ] The point to foreground in this declaration is that informations should be understood right and applied affectively for it to do effectual intercessions. So the inquiry is does all this collected informations can be the premier ground for alteration and cut downing wellness inequalities? The simple reply would be that natural informations itself can non convey any alteration but the determinations that are taken after treating that informations are the chief agents of alteration. Management of Datas: Datas in itself is merely a aggregation of natural Numberss or characters. The information collected has to be converted into feasible information in order for it to be utile. Here the inquiry arises what the difference is between informations and information? Beynon-Davies used the construct of a mark to separate between informations and information. Datas are symbols while information occurs when symbols are used to mention to something. [ 4 ] It is people and computing machines who collect informations and enforce forms on it. These forms are seen as information which can used to heighten cognition. [ 5 ] Thus cognition is the aggregation of information that is stored or memorized with the purpose of doing it utile. For any cognition to go utile it must be analyzed and interpreted. The procedure of understanding the cognition that we have and utilizing it to synthesise new cognition is called ‘understanding ‘ . The apprehension is converted into wisdom when we exercise our innate human nature of morality and moralss. Therefore with the aid of apprehension and the ability to judge right from incorrect the information is eventually converted into wisdom. This transition of natural informations into wisdom is called the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy. ( Fig 1 Appendix ) Another method by which information is managed is the simple informations surveillance rhythm ( Fig 2 Appendix ) . In this rhythm the collected information is analyzed and synthesized and is so organized and stored into a information base. This database so aids policy shapers to move as they deem appropriate. By the survey of informations direction it shows that the determination made at the terminal of the procedure is what determines how efficaciously information has been used and whether information has been successful in conveying about a alteration. This determination doing procedure can be influenced by ambiguity, prejudice, desire for short-cuts, resources available and shortage of attending. Any break during the informations processing rhythm can besides hold negative effects on the determination devising. Data itself has many restrictions. It depends upon truth ; if informations is non accurate it can damage a undertaking alternatively of helping it. Data should besides be complete in all respects i.e. it should supply all expected properties. The consistence of information is besides compulsory i.e. informations should be in sync across the endeavor ; sometimes informations is complete but is inaccurate and inconsistent. Data should besides be auditable i.e. it can be traced back to its beginning and can be verified for genuineness. Last, the most of import facet of informations quality is it timeliness. Datas should be fresh and up to day of the month so the steps and actions taken in response to the informations are appropriate. Examples of Data Surveillance in Curbing Health Inequalities: If we take the illustration of a developing 3rd universe state like Pakistan, so it seems as if informations can non assist cut down or alter anything. Here the inquiry arises that why should we even take the illustration of a underdeveloped state that is bound to neglect in controling inequalities? The ground for this is that Pakistan, even though being a hapless state, gets ample financess for its health care undertakings by donor administrations and other rich states. The international administrations such as WHO closely monitor the statistics of alteration in the wellness of the population of the state. You read "Can Data Reduce Health Inequalities Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" So, with voluminous financess and aid from international administrations the consequence should demo an betterment in the wellness of the population, nevertheless in Pakistan ‘s instance where limited success has been achieved there has besides been failure, which proves that the regular surveillance statistics of WHO are non plenty for accomplishing success. This failure of surveillance can non be blamed wholly upon the gathered statistics but there is a complex process associated with it that plays an of import function in assisting the information be effectual. The Polio Eradication Campaign: In Pakistan the biggest illustration of the success of informations and so its subsequent failure is the national infantile paralysis obliteration thrust. Launched in 1994, 15 old ages after the planetary thrust against infantile paralysis, the infantile paralysis run started with an purpose to to the full eliminate the disease by the new century. Even after the century arrived and a decennary rolled by, Pakistan has been unable to carry through its promise of full obliteration of the disease by 2010. The run suffered from the legion alterations in authorities over clip. When it was launched, the run was fueled by a media blitz of consciousness plans and ads on Television and in newspapers. This caused the hapless, uneducated multitudes to get down accepting and swearing the authorities to let them to immunize their kids. The figure of confirmed instances of infantile paralysis based on acute flaccid palsy surveillance informations from across the state declined from 1155 instances i n 1997 to 28 in 2005 [ 6 ] – the lowest of all time recorded in one twelvemonth ( Fig 3, Appendix ) . A really sensitive nationwide describing system was built up to guarantee the sensing of all staying infantile paralysis instances. The system captures all kids aged less than 15 old ages with acute oncoming flaccid palsy, and includes subsequent research lab testing of stool specimens. [ 6 ] The success was short lived as from 2007 the figure of instances came to a standstill, but there was an addition in figure of reported instances from little territories and states where entire unsusceptibility was achieved ( Fig 4, Appendix ) . In Punjab e.g. there were no reported instances in 2007 ; nevertheless in 2008 more than 8 instances were reported. The biggest reverse to the run is due to the on-going war on panic in Pakistan. In 2008, 2009 and every bit recent as February 2010 the instances reported were all from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA ) where the people are highly hapless and uneducated and the next state of N.W.F.P. Two new instances were reported in the past hebdomad both from North West Frontier Province ( NWFP ) , conveying the entire figure of instances for 2010 to ten [ 7 ] . The most recent instance had onset of palsy on 27 February and that excessively was reported in the N.W.F.P. The radical elements in these countries have started a smear run against the infantile paralysis thrust and have warned the people to maneuver clear from immunizing their kids. This includes snatch of the infantile paralysis run workers and warnings of dire effects to the people of the part. [ 8 ] The recent engagement of the National Database and Registration Authority ( NADRA ) in Pakistan to immunize kids against infantile paralysis has met with great success. The NADRA new waves were successful in publishing ID cards to far flung countries and as a consequence of the success the authorities entrusted them with the responsibly of providing vaccinums to remote countries. Equally many as 20,000 kids were vaccinated as a consequence but the NADRA squad was still unsuccessful in embarking to the N.W.F.P and FATA parts. The migration of Afghan nomads into the countries of FATA A ; N.W.F.P is another ground for failure. Poor sanitation and dirty H2O supply in the rural parts of the state can besides be the ground for the failure, as this causes diarrhea which in bend reduces the soaking up of the vaccinum in kids. [ 9 ] On top of these hurdlings the run is besides marred by corruptness including larceny of financess and vaccinums. [ 10 ] The National AIDS Plan: The national AIDS plan in Pakistan is one illustration of truth of informations and how any alteration can be hindered if the information is falsified. Pakistan ‘s Federal Ministry of Health established National AIDS Control Programme ( NACP ) in 1986-87. The state has received over 2.9 billion rupees as support. In its early phases, the programme focused on laboratory diagnosing of suspected HIV instances, but increasingly it began to switch its focal point towards HIV bar and control intercessions. The development of National Strategic Framework-one in 2001 provided strategic vision to the national response and authorities of Pakistan with support from World Bank launched an enhanced response in the signifier of Enhanced HIV and AIDS Control Programme. [ 11 ] HIV was foremost reported in Pakistan in 1987 with the aid contaminated blood transfusions. [ 12 ] The chief bearers of the virus were non resident workers chiefly working in the gulf part who were deported back to Pakis tan in the wake of their diagnosing. [ 13 ] The full fledged outbreak nevertheless occurred in 2004 among the injection drug users ( IDUs ) in distant desert town of Larkana. Between 2003 and 2004 the rate of HIV in IDUs jumped from 0.4 % to an dismaying 7.6 % . Epidemiologic surveies have shown that out of the 100, 00 IDUs life on the streets, about 21 % are infected with HIV virus. [ 11 ] These IDUs do non indulge in the drugs merely for the bang but alternatively comprise of the highly hapless and flush subdivision of the society who are idle and as a consequence become drug users to get away from their problems. Lahore is the 2nd most thickly settled metropolis in Pakistan with over 3000 IDUs of which 4 % have HIV infection. Faisalabad is the 3rd most thickly settled metropolis with over 8000 IDUs of which 13 % have HIV. The most alarming fact is that surveies have found that about 50 % these IDUs are sexually active with their married womans. To do affairs even worse bulk of the married womans of IDUs work as cocottes. [ 14 ] Another demographic involved with the spread of HIV are the female and male sex workers. There are good known whorehouses in the metropolitan metropoliss of the state with up to 100, 000 female sex workers ( FSW ) in Karachi and 75, 000 in Lahore. The authorities organic structures estimate that HIV prevalence among FSW is 0.02 % [ 11 ] which is disputed by independent organic structures who say that it is about 15 % . Research has shown that these FSW have no information about rubbers or other bar methods. Less than half the FSWs in Lahore and about a one-fourth in Karachi had used rubber with their last regular client. In Karachi, one in five sex workers can non acknowledge a rubber, and three-fourthss do non cognize that condoms prevent HIV ( in fact, one tierce have ne’er heard of AIDS. ( UNIADS Update 2005 ) The other demographics for the disease include closeted homosexual work forces and Transvestites moonlighting as sex workers which are estimated to be approximately 3 0 % of the manner of transmittal. Breast eating female parents are another demographic that constitutes about 3 % of the manner of transmittal of the virus. The fist instance of transportation of HIV via chest eating was reported in 1994 in Rawalpindi. Irrespective of all this data the most lurid fact is the disproof and use of the informations by the National AIDS control plan who have estimated that there are about 3,000 instances of HIV in Pakistan since 1986. If we compare these estimations to the astonishing 70-80, 000 instances reported by the UNAIDS, we clearly see that the authorities enterprises are a frontage. This estimation is flooring plenty to ensue in immediate action by the authorities but that is non the instance. In world the authorities is to the lowest degree interested in turn toing the issue of AIDS as a world in Pakistan. This may be due to the fact that the state is a conservative Muslim state and even now issues like HIV A ; AIDS are considered as tabu. In the uneducated and hapless rural sector the disease is still considered as a stigma even though there insecure and closeted sex pattern in these countries. The political determination devising in this issue seems to be influenced by the delicateness of t he issue. The policy shapers are besides bound by the civilization of the state and they can non openly publicize safe sex patterns as this may be unacceptable to the people and the policy shapers do non desire to be seen as excessively broad by the conservative vote population. In the visible radiation of all this the World Bank in December of 2009 refused to further fund the AIDS plan in the state. Decision: The above illustrations show that informations itself can merely make so much. Astonishing and amazing figures may drive person to believe about the job and take some sort of action but the magnitude of that action is dependent upon the apprehension, reading and finally determination of that individual. In the instance of the infantile paralysis consciousness run the above illustration shows that informations can be used to an advantage in doing public change their beliefs and accepting alteration. But on the other manus informations can be useless, even if it is difficult striking, if no action is taken upon it i.e. in the instance of the AIDS run. If the Pakistani authorities wants it can alter the attitude of people towards safe sex pattern via an consciousness run but they choose to stay deaf-and-dumb person on the issue. Policy shapers can utilize informations to their advantage by utilizing the figures and acquiring the populace to believe about the job. Similarly the populace can utilize informations to demand a alteration from the authorities. Not merely determination devising but other societal factors besides stand in the manner of a complete or any success. Purportedly, If the illustration of a 3rd universe state is deemed unequal by person so we can ever take the illustration of Britain where there are beforehand methods of informations surveillance and a immense sum of research and money is being used to control wellness inequalities but a recent authorities study showed that the rates of indexs like life anticipation for adult females and infant mortality are still unchanged. This has prompted the wellness minster Dawn Primarolo to eventually acknowledge, in stead with our statement, that â€Å" wellness inequalities are hard to alter † . Appendix: Fig 1: DIKW Hierarchy Fig 2: Surveillance Cycle Fig 3: Graph 1 ( diminution of infantile paralysis over the old ages ) Fig 4: Graph 2 ( diminution and revival of infantile paralysis in little territories of Pakistan ) How to cite Can Data Reduce Health Inequalities Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Le Quebec Essays - Vire De Galerne, War In The Vende,

Le Quebec Le Quebec et la Guadeloupe en Comparaison Le Quebec et la Guadeloupe sont deux mondes differents qui sont unis par la langue francaise. Un se trouve au plein nord du continent americain, et l'autre se trouve dans la mer Caribe dans les Antilles. Le Quebec a de temps froid la plupart de l'an, en meme temps que la Guadeloupe est characterise par un climat tropique. Donc, cette distinction de climat donne deux types de vie vraiment differents. Par exemple, l'hiver au Quebec consiste de la neige, la glace, et les temperatures bases. Et a cause de ce temps extreme, les Quebecois ont du s'adapter a ses environs et le climat de cette region. Ils ont aussi cree des mots qui sont uniques a leur dialecte. Comme le mot, **motoneige**, qui a ete invente au Canada, est devenu mot quotidien aux mois d'hiver. Les Quebecois portent des vetements lourds et chauds pour se proteger de l'interperie. Mais c'est un cas tout different en la Guadeloupe, les hivers semblent l'ete du Quebec. Il fait toujours beau a cette isle du Caribe, sauf quand il pleut. Il y a une difference qui fait la Guadeloupe unique, c'est les ouragans Mais la plupart des temps, les Guadeloupeens s'habillent en vetements legers et frais. Aussi ils portent des chapeaux pour se proteger des rayons du soleil. L'unique chose don't le Quebec et la Guadeloupe partagent, c'est la langue francaise. On peut dire qu'ils sont deux mondes completement differents qui ont des bonnes choses et aussi les mauvais comme les extremes dans leurs climats respectifs. Foreign Languages

Biography of Artist Louise Bourgeois

Biography of Artist Louise Bourgeois Second generation surrealist and feminist sculptor Louise Bourgeois was one of the most important American artists of the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Similar to other second-generation Surrealist artists like Frida Kahlo, she channeled her pain into the creative concepts of her art. These highly charged feelings produced hundreds of sculptures, installations, paintings, drawings and fabric pieces in numerous materials. Her environments, or cells, might include traditional marble and bronze sculptures alongside common castoffs (doors, furniture, clothes and empty bottles). Each artwork poses questions and irritates with ambiguity. Her goal was to provoke emotional reactions rather than reference intellectual theory. Often disturbingly aggressive in her suggestive sexual shapes (a distressed phallic image called Fillette/Young Girl, 1968, or multiple latex breasts in The Destruction of the Father, 1974), Bourgeois invented gendered metaphors well before Feminism took roo t in this country. Early Life Bourgeois was born on Christmas Day in Paris to Josà ©phine Fauriaux and Louis Bourgeois, the second of three children. She claimed that she was named after Louise Michel (1830-1905), an anarchist feminist from the days of the French Commune (1870-71). Bourgeois mothers family came from Aubusson, the French tapestry region, and both her parents owned an antique tapestry gallery at the time of her birth. Her father was drafted into World War I (1914-1918), and her mother frantically lived through those years, infecting her toddler daughter with great anxieties. After the war, the family settled in Choisy-le-Roi, a suburb of Paris, and ran a tapestry restoration business. Bourgeois remembered drawing the missing sections for their restoration work. Education Bourgeois did not choose art as her vocation right away. She studied math and geometry at the Sorbonne from 1930 to 1932. After her mothers death in 1932, she switched to art and art history. She completed a baccalaureate in philosophy. From 1935 to 1938, she studied art in several schools: the Atelier Roger Bissià ¨re, the Acadà ©mie dEspagnat, the École du Louvre, Acadà ©mie de la Grande Chaumià ¨re and École Nationale Supà ©rieure des Beaux-Arts, the École Muncipale de Dessin et dArt, and the Acadà ©mie Julien. She also studied with the Cubist master Fernand Là ©ger in 1938. Là ©ger recommended sculpture to his young student. That same year, 1938, Bourgeois opened a print shop next to her parents business, where she met art historian Robert Goldwater (1907-1973). He was looking for Picasso prints. They married that year and Bourgeois moved to New York with her husband. Once settled in New York, Bourgeois continued to study art in Manhattan with Abstract Expressionist Vaclav Vytlacil (1892-1984), from 1939 to 1940, and at the Art Students League in 1946. Family and Career In 1939, Bourgeois and Goldwater returned to France to adopt their son Michel. In 1940, Bourgeois gave birth to their son Jean-Louis and in 1941, she gave birth to Alain. (No wonder she created a series Femme-Maison in 1945-47, houses in the shape of a woman or attached to a woman. In three years she became the mother of three boys. Quite a challenge.) On June 4, 1945, Bourgeois opened her first solo exhibition at Bertha Schaefer Gallery in New York. Two years later, she mounted another solo show at Norlyst Gallery in New York. She joined the American Abstract Artists Group in 1954. Her friends were Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, whose personalities interested her more than the Surrealist à ©migrà ©s she met during her early years in New York. Through these tempestuous years among her male peers, Bourgeois experienced the typical ambivalence of the career-minded wife and mother, fighting off anxiety-attacks while preparing for her shows. To restore equilibrium, she often hid her work but never destroyed it. In 1955, Bourgeois became an American citizen. In 1958, she and Robert Goldwater moved to the Chelsea section of Manhattan, where they remained to the end of their respective lives. Goldwater died in 1973, while consulting on the Metropolitan Museum of Arts new galleries for African and Oceanic art (todays Michael C. Rockefeller Wing). His specialty was primitivism and modern art as a scholar, teacher at NYU, and the first director of the Museum of Primitive Art (1957 to 1971). In 1973, Bourgeois began to teach at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, Cooper Union in Manhattan, Brooklyn College and the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture. She was already in her 60s. At this point, her work fell in with the Feminist movement and exhibition opportunities increased significantly. In 1981, Bourgeois mounted her first retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art. Almost 20 years later, in 2000, she exhibited her enormous spider, Maman (1999), 30 feet high, in the Tate Modern in London. In 2008, the Guggenheim Museum in New York and Centre Pompidou in Paris exhibited another retrospective. Today, exhibitions of Louise Bourgeois work may occur simultaneously as her work is always in great demand. The Dia Museum in Beacon, New York, features a long-term installation of her phallic sculptures and a spider. Bourgeois Confessional Art Louise Bourgeois body of work draws its inspiration from her memory of childhood sensations and traumas. Her father was domineering and a philanderer. Most painful of all, she discovered his affair with her English nanny. Destruction of the Father, 1974, plays out her revenge with a pink plaster and latex ensemble of phallic or mammalian protrusions gathered around a table where the symbolic corpse lies, splayed out for all to devour. Similarly, her Cells are architectural scenes with made and found objects tinged with domesticity, child-like wonder, nostalgic sentimentality and implicit violence. Some sculptures objects seem strangely grotesque, like creatures from another planet. Some installations seem uncannily familiar, as if the artist recalled your forgotten dream. Important Works and Accolades Femme Maison (Woman House), ca. 1945-47.Blind Leading the Blind, 1947-49.Louise Bourgeois in costume as Artemis of Ephesus, 1970Destruction of the Father, 1974.Cells Series, 1990s.Maman (Mother), 1999.Fabric Works, 2002-2010. Bourgeois received numerous awards, including a Life Time Achievement in Contemporary Sculpture Award in Washington D.C. in 1991, the National Medal of Arts in 1997, the French Legion of Honor in 2008 and induction into the National Womens Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York in 2009.    Sources Munro, Eleanor. Originals: American Women Artists.  New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979. Cotter, Holland. Louise Bourgeois Influential Sculptor, Dies at 98, New York Times, June 1, 2010. Cheim and Read Gallery, bibliography. Louise Bourgeois (2008 retrospective), Guggenheim Museum, website Louise Bourgeois, exhibition catalogue, edited by Frank Morris and Marie-Laure Bernadac.  New York: Rizzoli, 2008. Film: Louise Bourgeois: The Spider, The Mistress and The Tangerine,  Produced and directed by Marion Cajori and Amei Wallach, 2008.

Euhemerism and the Gods

Euhemerism and the Gods Euhemerism and the Gods Euhemerism and the Gods By Maeve Maddox As long ago as the 4th century B.C.E., a student of religion and myth named Euhemerus theorized that the gods and their stories had their origins in actual historical events. His name has given us the term euhemerism [yÃ… «-hÄ“mÉ™-rÄ ­zÉ™m]: interpretation of myths as traditional accounts of historical persons and events OED Much later, an Icelandic student of the Norse myths, Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241), suggested that the gods began as human war leaders. He speculated that cults grew up around the burial sites of kings and renowned warriors. The living visited the sites called upon the departed for help in battle. Eventually the dead heroes were remembered as supernatural beings with the power to bestow victory in war. Related words are: euhemerist: noun, one who follows the method of Euhemerus euhemeristic: adjective, ) of persons: Inclined to euhemerism; (b) of things: Of the nature of or resembling euhemerism euhemerize: verb, To subject to euhemeristic interpretation; To follow the method of Euhemerus. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeTime Words: Era, Epoch, and EonNominalized Verbs

PARLIAMENT, POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PARLIAMENT, POLITICS AND POLICY MAKING - Essay Example This is not, however, the case. The argument is that Westminster wields relatively weak influence in matters of policy for several reasons. The most prominent of these are: 1) the two parties of the British political system exercise more control; 2) the executive branch of the government is the sole decision-making agency; and, 3) the existence of the policy communities. This paper will investigate this issue and determine the role of Westminster and its extent in British policymaking in actuality. Background In order to understand the role of the British Parliament in the state's policies, it is important to explain its nature, its function and how it works. Westminster is divided into two chambers - the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The former is consisted of elected legislators while the latter is composed of the British peerage. Until the twentieth century, both of these chambers were crucial in the legislative process. The House of Commons - akin to many Democratic or Republican states' lower or congressional chamber - passes bills that are submitted to the House of Lords for approval. Reforms, however, clipped the power of the upper chamber and that it was reduced as a subordinate in the legislative process. ... And so, essentially, the most important variable that would ideally demonstrate the role of Westminster in policymaking is with regards to legislation. Bills can only be passed by the Parliament. For a detached observer, one that is exclusively familiar with the workings of the United States government, for example, would say that the power dynamics behind Westminster's governmental role is the same as that of the American Congress wherein policymaking is the responsibility of congressional members, committees and subcommittees. This is in addition to the fact that the body is empowered to control the government budget. They have the so-called power of the purse, a variable that, in itself could, ideally, influence and shape policies. It is, hence, surprising for outsiders to find that in actuality, Westminster's role in policymaking is considered insignificant or not as potent as that of the American legislature. For some sectors, this may also prove confusing because it is inconsis tent to the very ideals and the obvious mandate that the two chambers of the British Parliament stand for. Since Westminster is the highest authority in legislation and the laws that are promulgated out of it form part of the policies of the UK, how did it end up portraying a minor role in the policy network? The answer to this question lies in the complexities of the British political system, the very reason behind the fact that the legislative process is not all there is to making laws and decision-making. On Policymaking As has been raised earlier, Westminster has the power to legislate. But this does not necessarily translate into a particular capability to shape, much less influence policy

Oil Struggle and the Fight for Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oil Struggle and the Fight for Power - Essay Example Possession of oil has been the cause of geopolitical and economic conflicts, most of which led to war. The endowment of oil reserve is not a guarantee of a nation’s rise to world power. Rather, their liberal supply of oil serves as a threat to their security. Over the years, Middle East remains to be the region with the bountiful amount of oil. Dietrich mentioned that Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Kuwait are three of the Middle Eastern countries that are capable of supplying billions of oil barrels. It is noteworthy that countries with large oil reserves have been in constant conflicts. The recent US occupation of Iraq in 2003 made a remarkable impact on the oil economy. Iraq has the third largest oil reserve in the world. Upon the conclusion of the war in Iraq, people have come to pay attention to the true aim of the war. The inability of US to find the alleged weapons of mass destruction contained in Iraq has led many to assume that America’s dwindling supply of oil is the main purpose of the intervention. The fear of the disruption in oil supply has been constantly thriving in the global atmosphere. As the demands for oil consumption continuously grow, the world market can expect oil to reach skyrocket prices. This threat motivates everybody, most industrialized nations, to take actions. If the increasing demand for oil does not cease, the future of oil industry in the Middle East can take one of two paths. Firstly, Middle East’s oil reserves can be expected to take a sweet spot in the global economy. If this happens, Middle East can rise as one of the world’s most powerful regions. Experts claim that this is highly unlikely due to the fact that some of the Middle Eastern countries are on an economic sanction.

Female Sexuality & Desire in Chopins The Storm Essay -- Chopin Storm

Female Sexuality & Desire in Chopin's The Storm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   In Kate Chopin's time traditional patriarchal notions about women and sexuality deemed sexual passion a negligible, even improper, aspect of women's lives. Yet Chopin boldly addresses a woman's sexual desire in her short story "The Storm". This story shockingly details a torrid extramarital sexual encounter between Calixta and Alcee` in the midst of a raging storm. While this story line could have been presented in a traditional light, perhaps as a lesson about the evils of uninhibited female sexuality, Chopin maintains a non-judgmental stance by refraining from moralizing about the sanctity of marriage or impropriety of Calixta's actions. In failing to condemn and even condoning Calixta's actions, as well acknowledging the existence and depth of sexual desire in women, Chopin imbues "The Storm" with a strong feminist tone and calls the very institution of marriage into question. The mere presence of Calixta's sexual desire and certainly its marked intensity make this story revolutionary in its feminist statement about female sexuality. Chopin uses the conceit of a thunderstorm to describe the development, peak, and ebbing of passion in the encounter between Calixta and Alcee`. At first, Calixta is unaware of the approaching storm, just as her sexual desire might be on an unconscious level; yet, as the storm approaches, Calixta grows warm and damp with perspiration. Chopin deliberately juxtaposes these two events when she writes that Calixta, "felt very warm...she unfastened her white saque at the throat. It began to grow dark and suddenly realizing the situation she got up and hurriedly went about closing windows and doors" (282). The gathering storm serves as ... ...s Chopin expresses in this story would certainly have seemed outrageous to her contemporary society and would have been grounds for an almost universal condemnation of Chopin and her work. She daringly celebrates female sexuality and uses this celebration as a feminist assertion about women's equal potentialities and rights to express themselves and experience pleasure. That "every one was happy" when the storm passed suggests that revolutionizing traditional concepts of gender and marriage will change everyone's, especially women's, lives for the better. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. "The Storm: A Sequel to 'The 'Cadian Ball'." Kate Chopin: The Awakening and Selected Stories. New York: Penguin, 1984. 281-86. Gilbert, Sandra M. "Introduction: The Second Coming of Aphrodite." Kate Chopin: The Awakening and Selected Stories. New York: Penguin, 1984. 7-33.   

Agency Employment

Agency employment is where a person is employed as a contract or temporary worker to fill a position in a host company. The agency is the worker’s actual employer and is responsible for payroll and taxes, superannuation, recruitment/dismissal/discipline, workers’ compensation. The host company is responsible for direction of tasks or jobs to be undertaken and determining the work available for the temporary worker on site. Normally there is a joint responsibility in so far as occupational health and safety is concerned. The labour hire situation results in a division of responsibility for the agency employee between the agency and the client. How should common law accommodate this? Should the agency employee be regarded as having a single employer or is there scope to consider join employment or a temporary transfer of employment to the client? The rule at common law is that an employee cannot be transferred by his or her employer to the employment of another person without some act of assent, express or implied, on the employee’s part. The essence of a contract of employment is that it is freely entered into bargain between two parties in which there is the obligation of personal service to the employer. The common law principle that an employee cannot be transferred to a new employer without his or her consent is relevant to the question whether an employee could be transferred temporarily to another employer. Where the agency worker is injured at the client’s workplace, both the client and the agency may be liable to pay damages to the injured worker. The agency can still be liable under both occupational health and safety legislation and at common law. This may be the case even if the agency employee is working on a client’s premises where there may be diminished opportunities to ensure a safe system of work. An additional basis upon which the labour hire company employer can be liable is breach of a non-delegable duty of care. The effect of this principle is that a labour hire company employer remains liable for a negligent failure to provide a safe system of work even if it is the client’s (or some third party’s) negligence which causes the employee’s injuries. Where the injury occurs at the client’s worksite, the client may also be liable as an occupier of premises for failure to take reasonable care for the safety of a lawful entrant. The agency employee may cause injury or damage either to the client or to a third party whilst working for a client. Whilst an employer is vicariously liable for the tortious wrongdoing of an employee within the course of employment, there are additional complications for agency employees and host businesses.

The Danger of Giving Your Personal Guarantee - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2335 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? In order to support a borrowing request, the directors of a limited company may offer to provide personal guarantees. What issues should you be aware of when taking these guarantees and how would you address any concerns? The support for guarantees provided by directors has changed a lot since the early days of banking. Whilst it used to be acceptable for a level of trust and a personal relationship to be enough for security for a bank, these days the directors need to provide a host of supporting evidence to show the worth and validity of their personal guarantee. Formal procedures are in place that mean that subjective information about a client is less important than their financial records and evidence to support their personal guarantee (Newton, 2000, pp. 177-181). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Danger of Giving Your Personal Guarantee" essay for you Create order The primary goal for the director to put forward personal guarantees is to reduce credit risk for the bank and therefore gain better credit. Therefore, when taking the guarantee the financier will look for signs that if the debtorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s assets are insufficient to meet all of the creditorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claims that they can recover some or all of the payment from the item secured through the personal guarantee. There is risk on both sides of the personal guarantee à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the director is putting themselves at risk by putting forward something they personally own, and therefore if the business fails they stand to lose their security. For the banker, they must establish that the guarantee is sufficient to cover the risk being put forward by the bank, and of enough value that they will be able to claim a significant portion of their outlay back should the debtor be unable to make payment (Goode, 2003, pp. 1-3). When taking a personal guarantee, the director of the company needs to be aware of a number of issues. Firstly, they need to understand that whilst the business may have limited liability, if a personal guarantee is offered as security then this can be claimed by the creditor and taken for payment of debt. Therefore, the liability is not as limited anymore for the director who issues a personal guarantee. With personal guarantees usually coming in the form of personal capital assets such as property, it can be extremely damaging to put forward such a guarantee if things are likely to go wrong. Financiers should be aware that it is generally businesses with a higher risk factor that put forward personal guarantees in order to offset the risks. This means that whilst security is being offered, the overall risk of the business failing is still potentially high. Whilst banks need to look out for their interests, it should also be clear that they should not enter into agreements with directors whose personal guarantees are not sufficient to offset the risk of potential business failure (Lloyds TSB, 2008). A financier should first look at the business of the director and the potential risk of financing such a venture. Once this has been looked at, it is also important to make sure the director has in place protection from liability and has taken steps to avoid personal liability. This might include liability insurance and full health and safety precautions. This will reduce the risk of liability for the director and therefore make them less risky as a debtor. Although the business may be free of liability, as a financier it is prudent to have a personal guarantee from the director so that they have more of an incentive to repay the loan and make the business succeed. Most of us, if put in our lenderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shoes, would want the same thing. Our lender wants to make sure we have every incentive to repay the loan, including (and maybe most importantly) the risk of personal liability. A lenderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s hook into the personal assets of the business borrower is an important part of the deal for the lender and, even in good times, it can be difficult to avoid signing a personal guaranty. Once the guaranty is signed, life is never quite the same again. Being personally liable for a business debt brings cold hearted reality to every business dream (Hassett, 2008). The financier should also be concerned with what exactly the debtor is offering as a personal guarantee. There needs to be documentation to ensure the security behind the guarantee is of sufficient value and that it is owned by the debtor. Items of security that are joint-owned may be more difficult to claim against for the creditor, so it is generally preferred that securities are solely owned by the director. It is important that the debtor and creditor agree on the limits of the personal guarantee. Whilst a financier may want no limits to the guarantee, the director should look for a limit equal to their share within the company. This means that if there is more than one director in the company, the debtor offering a personal guarantee will only be liable for debts on their portion of the company. The length of the personal guarantee should also be looked at in terms of how long it will act as security. As debts reduce the debtor and creditor should have an agreement whereby security is removed once the debtor is established as a reliable borrower (Hassett, 2008). What are the key areas of concern for the bank in the control, monitoring and perhaps ultimate realisation of such security? There is a balance to be had in personal guarantees between the security or collateral being offered and the monitoring of the individual offering the guarantee. Whilst the collateral may be sufficient to cover debts, banks should not put their faith in just the security. Careful monitoring of the individual offering the personal guarantee and their company is important to make sure that they are able to repay their creditors and that the likelihood of foreclosure is small. Relying too much on the security offered will result in a loss of money for the bank and potential lending to debtors who are unable to pay. The risk-reduction offered by security from the personal guarantee is not a substitute for monitoring of credit and business of the debtor (Ono and Uesugi, 2005, pp. 1-2). Monitoring is also important because of the need to make sure directors are acting appropriately and legally within the company. If monitoring of their practices does not occur then their conduct could lead to debts that cannot be covered by the personal security offered. Although liability insurance should cover directors against negligence and breach of security, such actions may lead to a loss for the bank when other creditors look to claim against security (Finch, 1994, p. 880). If the monitoring is accurate then the banks can help the debtor to improve the situation and rescue the business before it fails so that the debtor can continue to make repayments. Most banks will only claim against security as a last resort because they are likely to lose money this way. Instead, a rescue package may be put in place to aid the debtor and help the bank recover debts in the long-term (Franks and Sussman, 2000, pp. 1-6). Banks will generally remain risk-averse though, particularly to small businesses and this is why personal guarantees need to be offered in order to secure funding (Keasey and Watson, 1994, p. 349). However, the risk involved usually means that banks are keen to make sure they can secure the claim against the debtor in the future if necessary. This is why it is important for the creditor and debtor to agree on a time limit for the security. As the economy worsens, banks are now trying to claim against directors who gave personal guarantees but have since left companies. This can be the fault of the debtor for not securing a time limit, or the fault of the creditor for not monitoring the debtor. Once they have left a company it could be harder to secure the claim against the personal guarantee. A bank will look to recover the debt in any way possible if the debts are not being repaid. As personal guarantees are separate from their actual mortgage or business agreements, unless a debtor is released from the personal guarantee they can even sell the business and still be liable for future debts as they are still the guarantor (Cranage, 2008). In this case it is the bank that should advise debtors more accurately and monitor the business so that if they need to claim against a personal guarantee there are no problems with regards to a debtor having left the company. A bank should also make sure that they follow procedures when signing the guarantee so that it can be claimed against if needed. Any alterations to the agreement, misrepresentation on the part of the bank, coercion by the bank or non-disclosure of information will void the agreement and the bank will not be able to claim against it. It is important to make sure these steps are followed so that a debtor cannot remove themselves from their obligation because of such procedural failures (Goodman Derrick, 2002). Banks generally have a great deal of control over restructuring or liquidation of a company should the debtor fall behind with repayments. This means that recovery against the personal guarantee is not generally a problem for the bank. However, it can be made easier or not required if monitoring is improved and there is less of a reliance on recovery against the guarantee in the eventuality of business failure (Franks and Sussman, 2005, pp. 85-92). The most important factors for the bank to consider are the monitoring of the director before an agreement is signed, and the way in which the agreement is eventually agreed. If these procedures are followed then the bank will only be taking on clients whose risk of default is lower, and the accurate monitoring will make sure that the debtor remains on course to pay debts and claiming against the guarantee will not be necessary. Most banks have different policies and contracts with regards to how the personal guarantee is set up, so it is important for the bank to accurately and openly describe the process and the meaning of the contract to the director. If this is not done properly then it will be much harder for the bank to claim against the guarantee, because a claim cannot easily be made if the debtor was not accurately informed of the nature of the agreement they were entering (Tuller, 2007, pp. 144-146). Once a document is signed and the debtor and creditor are fully agreed on its terms, then monitoring of the business situation and personal assets of the debtor is still crucial. The bank needs to make sure that the business is performing sufficiently for the debtor to continue payments, and also that the security offered in the personal guarantee is still intact and of sufficient value to be used as security. This monitoring will allow the bank to see any problems before they become too serious and hopefully correct them so that the debtor can continue to make payment (Steingold, 2008, pp. 13-19). However, should this not be possible, as long as the agreement is carried out correctly then claiming against the personal guarantee will not be a problem for the bank. They have control because of this personal guarantee, and therefore even if the business fails the bank should be able to recover a significant portion of the outstanding debt by claiming against the personal guarantee and the assets of the director mentioned in this agreement (Keay, 2005, pp. 431-437). Monitoring is also important because even if the guarantee cannot be claimed against because of procedural issues, if the debtorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business enters insolvent liquidation due to wrongful trading then the creditor can make a claim against the director to contribute to the outstanding debts from their personal assets. Although this is an extreme measure, it shows that monitoring is the most important factor for a bank in making sure they secure a personal guarantee correctly and that foreclosure is avoided. However, if foreclosure is required then accurate monitoring will allow the bank to recover as much of the outstanding debt as possible. Bibliography Cranage, J., 2008. The Danger of Giving Your Personal Guarantee. Birmingham Post, August 7th 2008. Finch, V., 1994. Personal Accountability and Corporate Control: The Role of Directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and Officersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Liability Insurance. Modern Law Review, 57, p. 880. Franks, J., and Sussman, O., 2000. The Cycle of Corporate Distress, Rescue and Dissolution: A Study of Small and Medium Size UK Companies. World Bank Study. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/wdr/2001/wkshppapers/berlin/frankssuss2.pdf Franks, J., and Sussman, O., 2005. Financial Distress and Bank Restructuring of Small to Medium Size UK Companies. Review of Finance, 9(1), pp. 65-96. Goode, R.M., 2003. Legal Problems of Credit and Security. London: Sweet and Maxwell. Goodman Derrick., 2002. Personal Guarantees. (Online). Available at: https://www.goodmanderrick.co.uk/news/documents/Personal_Guarantees.pdf (Accessed 26th October 2008). Hassett, T., 2008. The Personal Side of Personal Guarantees. (Online). Available at: https://www.felhaber.com/ARTICLES/personal_guarantees.html (Accessed 25th October 2008). Keasey, K., and Watson, R., 1994. The bank financing of small firms in UK: Issues and evidence. Small Business Economics, 6(5), pp. 349-362. Keay, A., 2005. Wrongful Trading and the Liability of Company Directors: A Theoretical Perspective. Legal Studies, 25(3), pp. 431-461. Lloyds TSB., 2008. Becoming a company director and your responsibilities. (Online). Available at: https://www.lloydstsbbusiness.com/support/businessguides/becoming_a_company_director.asp (Accessed 24th October 2008). Newton, L., 2000. Trust and virtue in English banking: the assessment of borrowers by bank managements at the turn of the nineteenth century. Financial History Review, 7, pp. 177-199. Ono, A., and Uesugi, I., 2005. The Role of Collateral and Personal Guarantees in Relationship Lending: Evidence from Japanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Small Business Loan Market. RIETI Discussion Paper Series 05-E-027. Available at: https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/wbs/conf/int-sme-finance/programme/6_-_ono.pdf Steingold, F., 2008. Legal Forms for Starting Running a Small Business. Nolo. Tuller, L.W., 2007. Finance for Non-Financial Managers: And Small Business Owners. Adams Media.